Reflecting back on the course, what three major themes you would identify that connect the various topics discussed in this course-how are they connected to more than one topic, and how do they connect with what you knew before this course? What knowledge have you gained with regards to these three themes you have identifed?

The three major themes that could be identified that connect to various topics discussed in the course were the enzymes, proteins, and metabolism. These three themes can be connected to other science courses that were previously taught. These three themes are important for our body because it carries certain functions for our body, and those mechanisms are what help us function. For example: a certain disease or disorder can be tied in with these three themes. Lactic acid is one of the topics I learned in a previous class that can be tied in with biochemistry and other science courses. Lactic acid is entered through the blood stream and is metabolized in the liver. Then there is the internal cycle called the cori cycle and in this cycle the tissues transport to and metabolise in the liver and kidney. All tissues can produce lactate with out the need of oxygen. Tissues that are active in the glycolysis process produce excessive lactate from glucose. Lactate is made from pyruvate by the enzyme  lactate dehydrogenase. This was one of the examples that I could tie the themes with lactic acid and how it works. This course helped me better understand in depth how these mechanisms work and what happens if something goes wrong.

Picture from Google

How would you explain the connection between glucose entering the body and energy created by the body to a friend, using your new biochemistry knowledge?

If I had to explain between glucose entering the body and energy created by the body I would first explain what is glucose and how it gives us energy. First glucose is “fuel” for our body because we need glucose in order to function. When we eat a meal there is rise in our blood glucose level and insulin is produced from the organ pancreas. The pancreas is like a vacuum because it picks up all of our glucose and sends it to our cells by glucose transporters. Once glucose is inside of the cell it starts to make ATP which is a molecule that creates and stores energy required by the cell. Glucose is metabolized into energy in combination with oxygen and without oxygen. More ATP is created when oxygen is available because the products of glucose, pyurvic acid, move forward into the other pathways. The products of glucose produce 4 ATPs, but only a net gain of 2 ATPs. This is why the rest of the pathways are needed for more ATP production.

GLYCOLYSIS PATH!

What knowledge have you connected with past knowledge?

cholesterol is fatty steriod and is important for human health. There are limits to cholestorl because having too much can harm the body because it can damage the arteries. This problem can lead to heart problems, storkes, and other problems. Busting drugs help treat heart disease. Statin is a busting drug that helps prevent heart attacks, by preventing blood clotts. It was one of the first studies that were done on the drug statin to see if it really works, and studies have proved that busting drug can help people prevent blood clotts and prevent heart disease.

FInd an intersting biochemistry website and put its link in this entry, and describe what is found there.

http://library.med.utah.edu/NetBiochem/titles.htm

On this website there are different topics of biochemistry that can be found. There is biomedical chemistry, summaries of metabolism, and differnt graphics of enzymes, protiens, and etc.

What knowledge have you connected with past knowledge?

 Parkinsons disease is loss of motility. This happens when there is not enough dopamine. There are two enzymes necessary for dopamine one is tyrosine and the other 3 enzymes that assist in forming dopamine and then there are coenzymes that help the enzymes in forming dopamine. If there is enough dopamine then dopamine receptros can be stimulated which in that case G-proteins also haveto be stimulated when that happens the symptoms may be relieved.

Find a protein using PDB explorere-describe your protein, including what disease state or other real-world application it has

Prions are proteins that can fold into different shapes. There is a normal form and misfolded form of the protein These proteins are unusal because they misfold, and are capable of changing normal shaped proteins into misfolded proteins.These misfolded proteins are severe and can cause neural disease in humans and mammals  if they keep building up. Mad cow disease is from a misfolded prion and humans can get it by eating infected meat.

What is biochemistry, and how does it differ from the fiellds of genetics,biology, chemistry, and molecular biology?

Biochemistry is the study of chemicals that occur with in the living organism. This branch of science differs from the fields of genetics,because genetics is the study of heredtity, and the differnt characteristics of inheritance.  Biochemistry differs from Biology because biology  is a field where you study life of  a particular organism. Chemistry is the study of  diffenent chemicals and their properites of substances. Molecular biology is the study of macromolecules.